Toilet without a tank: floor-standing, console, attached - how it works

What types of toilets are there?

Basically, toilets are distinguished according to the principle of fastening: floor-mounted, wall-hung and attached.

A wall-hung toilet takes up little space, but is quite difficult to install

Classic flooring options come in a variety of shapes, and there is plenty to choose from in this category. Basically, the tank is mounted directly on the seat, but there are also models with a separate tank located a little higher. The cast design, in which the tank and bowl are one piece, eliminates the need for the owner to periodically repair the tank and change the rubber cuff.

Advantages of floor-mounted plumbing:

• simple and convenient design;
• installation is carried out without complications;
• reasonable prices.

Flaws:

large dimensions. Small selection of compact models.

Wall-hung toilets have come into fashion relatively recently. While widely used in Europe, suspended structures are rare in domestic bathrooms. They are distinguished by the absence of legs and are attached to the wall using anchor bolts. The toilet tank is not visible; it is installed in a false wall.

Design advantages:

• stylish, elegant and compact. An ideal option when there is a shortage of square meters;
• variety of models;
• ease of cleaning.

Disadvantages of the hanging option:

• high price;
• complex installation.

An attached toilet is a hybrid of a floor-mounted and wall-hung one. The bowl is mounted on a leg, like a traditional toilet, and the tank is hidden in the wall, like a floor-standing one. This option has few fans, so the range of attached models is not wide.

The cistern of the attached toilet is hidden in the wall

This is interesting: Corrugation for the toilet - dimensions, installation, how to change, types

Criteria for choosing a tankless drain

Before choosing a specific toilet drainer model, it is necessary to assess the quality of the water supply network at the installation site. For example, in country cottages a frequent decrease in water pressure is possible. In city highways, the pressure is usually stable, but on the upper floors of multi-story buildings, a temporary drop in the indicator is also possible. In this case, it is recommended to choose a device that can operate normally at pressures below 1 atmosphere. Otherwise, you will have to install additional pumps to maintain water pressure, and this is an extra expense.

The further choice depends on the purposes for which a tankless flush system is selected.

Installation method

Two versions of such systems are available. The external one is suspended above the toilet and is openly attached to the toilet wall. The distance from the wall to the outer edge of the cylinder does not exceed 10 cm. The small size of the dryer and its beautiful design with chrome plating will not spoil the design of the toilet. But if you want to completely remove this part of the plumbing, then you need to choose a copy that will be built behind the false panel. Only the button or control lever will remain outside. Installation of this model is more difficult than the external version.

Device material

The body and internal parts of the drukspühler are usually made of metal. But there are also cheap models made of plastic. Although metal is considered a more suitable material for such plumbing fixtures, plastic options have proven to be reliable.

Flush adjustment

One of the purposes of installing a drain device without a tank may be to reduce water consumption. Then it is preferable to use models with two-mode drainage - normal and reduced.

If you intend to determine for yourself how much water is required for one rinsing cycle, then it is better to choose a dryer with adjustment of this parameter. You just need to take into account that the tuning elements are located inside the case, which requires partial disassembly. Therefore, it is difficult to change settings frequently.

Suspended modification with installation

The word “installation” in this case should be understood as the word “hide” or “conceal”. When talking about installing a toilet, we are talking about the structure and fastening elements of the toilet built into the wall. This toilet significantly saves space in the bathroom and looks very stylish and neat. For a small room this is the best option.

Compared to conventional toilets, wall-hung toilets have significantly more advantages:

• Maintaining hygienic cleanliness in the bathroom with such models is much easier. There is no need to constantly clean the toilet mounting points, as well as various cracks between the floor and plumbing.
• If a heated floor or expensive floor covering is installed in the bathroom, then they will not be affected during plumbing repairs.
• Due to the fact that everything unnecessary is hidden in the wall (fasteners, tank), and only the drain button remains visible, it looks minimalist and stylish.

A wall-hung toilet also has its disadvantages:

• High price;
• If repairs are necessary, it will be difficult to get to the tank or pipeline valves hidden in the wall.

Toilet without a tank: what does a drukspühler look like externally

There are two types of similar devices that flush the toilet without a conventional tank - built into the wall and external or remote (as you like). In principle, one or the other system does not take up much space. The only difference between them is the impact they have on the overall picture of the room. Naturally, it is more logical to assume that from a design point of view, wall-mounted druckspühler models will be most preferable, but, unfortunately, this is not entirely true. For example, for a high-tech style bathroom, an external device will be more suitable.

But let's return to the appearance, which is characteristic of toilets without a flush tank. Everything is simple here - if we are talking about a hidden dryer, then such a toilet looks almost exactly the same as the cantilever toilet with installation that has already become familiar to many people. As for an externally installed drukspühler, it is, as a rule, a piece of chrome-plated pipe, the upper edge of which is crowned with a special button. The pipe extends only 50-80mm from the wall, which, compared to the thickness of any cistern, is insignificant.

The principle of operation of a toilet without a tank

No splashing

When choosing a toilet, the main condition for most buyers is the absence of water splashes.
Modern toilets mostly consist of a funnel-shaped bowl, when used, everything goes directly into the drain channel. This avoids unpleasant odors and reduces water consumption. The main disadvantage of such a bowl, as mentioned earlier, is the presence of splashes. This is something to keep in mind when choosing the best toilet. Modern models are designed with an anti-splash system and completely eliminate this problem for the user.

However, you need to carefully study the model and check whether this option really exists. In such models, the drain hole itself has a special structure. It is narrowed downward and directed to the side. The water is at the very bottom of the drain hole.

The best toilet with good flushing and anti-splash

If we recommend the best toilet that has an anti-splash system and good flushing, then the Am .Pm Inspire C 508607WH compact toilet is perfect. This is a convenient toilet that combines universal design, functionality and high quality. The device is completely adjacent to the wall from top to bottom, and hidden fasteners ensure reliable fixation. The toilet is made of vitreous porcelain - a durable material that does not lose its whiteness and smoothness for many years. The seat material is modern duroplast, resistant to scratches and cracks. In terms of price-quality ratio, this is the best choice.

And with this, our review of anti-splash toilets has come to an end, we have done a complete research on the best models for 2020, and also tried to give a short but useful description. We wish you a pleasant shopping experience!

#2020 #Top 10 #Toilet #Toilet

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The drain is also different

If you have not decided to purchase a toilet with anti-splash, then pay attention to another factor that affects the amount of splashes. It's a kind of drain

Advice. If you want to try out fashionable new items, you can take a closer look at toilets with additional functions. This is an automatic drain for the forgetful, and a heated seat system for use in the cold season.

Classic floor-standing toilet

Direct drainage involves a powerful pressure of water in the direction from the tank to the drain hole. The disadvantage of this type is that the entire surface is not washed, which means you need to use a brush. In addition, it is this kind of drainage that leads to the formation of splashes.

With a circular drainage system, water moves in a spiral, which means it effectively cleans all surfaces. The disadvantages of this type are that toilets with a circular flush are much more expensive. In addition, they are combined with a narrow opening that can become clogged.

Toilet cistern volume

Life is becoming more expensive all the time, especially food, housing and communal services are also not lagging behind and annually increase tariffs for their services by a tidy sum, but wage growth for many has almost stalled. There are constantly not enough funds, so people are forced to think about saving in everything and look for ways to reduce costs. Everyone has long been accustomed to thinking that Russia has a lot of natural resources, including water, and they can spend it without looking. In essence, money is flowing away from us down the drain. Here are some ways to reduce your water consumption. Many do not cost any money but will reduce your water bills. This may seem like a small thing to some, but by retraining yourself in some ways, you will see what the benefits will be, especially if you installed a water meter for yourself, then quickly remember these tips: Most people, bending over the sink in the morning and evening to brush their teeth, open the water tap completely.

Accommodation

There are differences in plumbing models based on the type of installation, divided into three types.

Corner and classic models are available, placed next to the wall opposite the entrance. Both types are installed directly on the floor or on a stand. When secured with anchor bolts during installation, it is easy to dismantle the equipment, replacing old with new without causing damage to the floor covering.

Models with an attached skirt do not affect the functionality of the design. It is an aesthetic element created by designers. When doing wet cleaning, do not touch the plumbing equipment with the rag.

Corner floor

Installation is carried out in a standard way. The corner structure is distinguished by the shape of the barrel, which fits in the center of the junction of two wall panels.

Wall or hanging

During installation, a plate is used that is built into the side panel of the toilet. The work is done by professionals. The equipment is secured to the slab in the wall with anchors. Such models are in demand in Europe, but in our country they are rare.

Advantage:

• Easier to clean the toilet.
• Saving space.
• Stylish design

You need to purchase plumbing fixtures after you have become familiar with all types of drains, installation methods and functional features. Choosing the right toilet from quality material will make it easier to care for. Having set anti-splash as a criterion, they understand that the price for such a product is high. This will be affected by the shape of the bowl and the flushing device.

The shape of the splash-free toilet is the same for all models. It has an internal rim that holds back the flow of water leaving the barrel under pressure. If the seller talks a lot of interesting things about a special device in order to sell an expensive illiquid product, then this is not the main thing. It is advised to find plumbing equipment with a suitable bowl equipped with a protective barrier from the inside. Video: Features of choosing a wall-hung toilet

Only a properly selected toilet can be considered comfortable. The choice of new plumbing is influenced not only by convenience, appearance and price

It is important that the toilet fully copes with its main function - it flushes well and does not splash. How to choose just such a toilet?

Comparison of popular models

Model from Grohe

The German companies Shell and Grohe were the first to supply tankless flushing systems under water pressure to Russia. Their products are most adapted to Russian realities. Grohe has developed a druckspühler that operates with low water pressure. The minimum pressure required for full operation of this model is 0.6 atm.

Devices are also produced that allow you to save drained water. Shell has made separate controls for the two flush buttons. One is designed to release a standard volume of water (5 - 6 liters), and the other is for economical drainage. The drill presses are equipped with adjusting screws that allow you to adjust the required volume of a single release.

The cost of tankless drain devices produced by these companies is 5-8 thousand rubles.

The products of the Italian companies Mamoli (Mamoli) and Remer (Remer) stand out for their stylish design. But prices for flushing systems connected directly to the water supply are in the range of 10-15 thousand rubles.

Flush

How to choose a toilet that flushes well? This, by the way, is a very important condition. A good toilet should flush efficiently

There are two options for draining water:

• Cascade. This flush occurs from one hole in the toilet bowl. This option is uneconomical in terms of water consumption, since flushing occurs with a strong pressure of a large amount of water. These models are good for their budget price and reliability. A significant disadvantage is the lack of hygiene, since the stream of water cannot cover all areas of the toilet bowl. Also, rust very often appears on such bowls.
• Shower. This is undoubtedly the best option. A more modern toilet flush design allows for greater hygiene. Water washes the bowl from holes around the entire perimeter. At the same time, water consumption is quite economical. It must be said that models with shower flush are more expensive than cascade models. But it’s not worth saving on this.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=MQpz6qNWNTw

Choosing a toilet

Drain

If the user is going to install plumbing fixtures on his own, and is doing this for the first time, then it is still worth consulting with a qualified specialist about the nuances that you need to pay attention to when purchasing. After all, the design, location and slope of the drainage system is different everywhere, and in order not to have to worry about installing a piece of plumbing, you need to take care of this in advance by choosing a suitable model

The outlet necks for draining the tank are:

• Vertical. This option is perfect for small toilet rooms, because this design will allow you to attach the toilet as close to the wall as possible.
• Horizontal. This design is suitable for houses with horizontal sewer outlets.
• Angular. In such instances, water is drained at an angle.

Vote

Which toilet did you choose?

Jaquar FNS-WHT-40951 Fonte

9.88 % ( 16 )

Laguraty 0010

8.64 % ( 14 )

Gid Tr2198-18

4.94 % ( 8 )

Grohe Euro Ceramic3932900H

4.94 % ( 8 )

AM.PMSpirit 2.0 C701700WH

13.58 % ( 22 )

Keramin Style

6.17 % ( 10 )

Vitra S50 5318B003-0075

4.94 % ( 8 )

Ideal Standard Ecco

4.94 % ( 8 )

What determines the presence of splashes? Choosing the shape of the bowl

It turns out that the presence or absence of splashes depends on the shape of the bowl. There are three types of toilet bowls:

1. Disc-shaped. A traditional bowl shape that differs significantly from other types. Along the path of water from the tank there is a shelf, or a recess in the form of a plate. Human waste entering the toilet lingers on this ledge before entering the drain hole. A powerful drain forms a funnel, which causes splashes.
2. Funnel-shaped. A design feature of the funnel-shaped bowl is the location of the drain hole. It is located in the very middle of the recess. All waste goes into the hole immediately, so there is no splashing and no need to use a brush.
3. Kozyrkovaya. In this type of toilet, the drain is close to the front side of the product. Instead of the indentation present in the first point, there is a protrusion here. Most of the waste goes straight to the drain. The rest is washed off with a small pressure of water with a minimum amount of splashes.

Float on lever

With this structure, the float is mounted on a lever. This design is located in the drain tank from above. The float is an important element in the system that must be adjusted correctly. The cistern works correctly when the required amount of water flows in and does not overflow.

Float on lever

Features of adjusting the float lever depend on what material the part is made of:

• brass should be bent, establishing the required position, raising it, lowering it
• plastic is installed with a fixing screw and secured in the required position with a ratchet

By correctly adjusting the float, you can solve the problem of water constantly flowing into the toilet and optimize its volume in the tank.

Toilet flushing systems

In modern toilet models, sewage is flushed in two ways:

• Direct flush;
• Reverse circular flush.

Direct flush

The direct flush system is characterized by the fact that water moves almost in a straight path from the drain hole of the tank along the wall of the bowl to the drain. Due to the straight trajectory of the water flow, direct drainage is also called cascade or horizontal.

In principle, this flushing system was implemented in almost all models of toilets manufactured during the Soviet era.

+ The advantage of direct drainage is that in one go, releasing a powerful stream of water, you can wash away all the impurities located in the center of the bowl.

— The disadvantage of direct drainage is that during descent the water flow does not cover or only slightly washes the inner surfaces of the bowl, as a result it is necessary to use a brush.

Circular flush

A reverse circular flush, or as it is also called a ring or shower system, is fundamentally different from the flush described above. In a shower system, water does not flow in a straight path, but when the tank is lowered, the pressure moves along a kind of annular groove and flows evenly over the entire area of ​​the bowl.

+ The advantage of the reverse circular system is that there is practically no noise and, during flushing, the entire surface of the bowl is uniformly washed.

— Disadvantages of a circular system - the plumbing in which this system is implemented is much more expensive than toilets with direct flush.

There is also a high risk that after a few years, the drain holes located in the gutter under the rim may become clogged due to salt deposits.

When wondering how to choose a toilet that flushes well, as a rule, you have to choose between “two evils.” In the first case, plumbing will cost less, but sometimes it will be necessary to resort to a brush. In the second case, the plumbing will cost more, but the toilet will always be clean and tidy.

Operating principle

Toilet design without tank

A toilet without a tank with a connected drainer works like this:

1. After pressing the button or turning the lever, the main valve opens and water under pressure from the main line is supplied to the drainage system.
2. At the same time, through a hole in the membrane, liquid flows from the upper compartment of the cartridge to the lower.
3. As water enters the lower compartment, pressure equalizes in both compartments.
4. As soon as the lower compartment is filled, the pressure in both compartments will be equal.
5. When the pressure is equal, the return spring is activated, cutting off the flow of water into the toilet.

The bore diameters of the nozzles and the hole in the membrane are designed so that 5-6 liters of water under pressure flow in one cycle. Some models allow this parameter to be adjusted.

Know-how in the world of plumbing or a little about smart toilets

Progress does not stand still and by leaps and bounds has not bypassed even such a hygiene item as a toilet. The concept of “smart toilet” is understood as the integration and introduction into the overall toilet system of various technical solutions, which mainly contribute to the comfortable disposal of natural needs or maintaining the proper sanitary level.

Bidet toilets are widely popular. At first, representatives of Islamic culture greatly appreciated the bidet. Due to religious canons, they do not use paper, but wash themselves. However, many enterprising Europeans quickly adopted this method of going to the toilet, due to the fact that it is more hygienic than using paper. In our country, bidets began to be used relatively recently, but the demand for this type of toilet is constantly growing.

Another popular upgrade is an auto-flush. A very useful invention, especially for forgetful “citizens” or simply for those who are used to keeping things clean.

A heated seat is a useful innovation for the female half of humanity, especially in the winter. Naturally, heating can be carried out either in automatic mode - continuously, or triggered at the moment you start using the toilet.

Floor model

This type of toilet is the most common because it is easy to install. You literally need to screw a couple of screws to the floor and then fix the toilet with a cement solution. Any man can handle this. Also, such structures are usually small in size, and besides, their cost is an order of magnitude lower than suspended structures.

The disadvantages of such models are:

• difficulties in cleaning the bathroom;
• the difficulty of choosing a model from a wide variety;
• rather unaesthetic appearance.

Now on sale you can find models of toilets that combine the qualities of a floor-mounted and wall-hung toilet. The barrel of such plumbing is hidden in the wall, and the bowl itself is attached to the floor. This type of toilet is called a side-mounted toilet.

Advantages of attached modifications:

• All fasteners, valves and a drain tank are hidden in a niche and thus do not “eat up” the space in the room. It also looks very laconic.
• The bowl has a lid and convenient fasteners.

​Disadvantages of attached modifications:

• Labor-intensive maintenance and repairs;
• Some inconveniences in maintaining the hygienic cleanliness of the bathroom.

Why does water not fill or flow poorly into the toilet tank?

Float misalignment

The very first reason why water does not fill the toilet tank is due to the skew of the float. It's easy to fix the problem:

• you need to correct the displacer according to the standards stated in the instructions or install it in its previous position.

If the water supply is not restored, then we are considering the possibility of damage or clogging of the supply tube. We disconnect the hose and assess its condition. If the reason is a damaged hose, then it can be easily replaced by purchasing the required size and diameter at a hardware store.

Clogged valve and drain

If you decide that the reason for the slow flow of water into the tank is due to a blockage, then the experts recommend the following algorithm of actions:

• turn off the water supply;
• we take out the hose that connects the tank to the water supply system;
• we check the water supply through the tube (usually the disconnected hose is directed into a bucket or toilet and the operation of the hose is checked under the pressure of the switched on water);
• if everything goes well, then we look for the cause in the blockage of the area where the hose and drainage device are connected;
• we will need a long, rigid wire to clean the previously indicated area;
• When cleaning, open the valve slightly to allow any remaining debris to escape.

One of the common problems of improper functioning of the drain is associated with the accumulation of debris under the bulb and contamination of the toilet tank. If it is not possible to completely clear the blockage manually, you need to disassemble the product or use a special chemical.

• Cleaning a toilet tank from rust

After cleaning, we install everything in its original place.

Replacing faulty drain fittings

If the toilet tank fills with water and you cannot flush, then it is time to think about replacing the faulty fittings.

Most likely the problem is in the fill or drain valve. Is it difficult to replace damaged and worn parts? Anyone can change a toilet fill valve, but even a child can replace a flush valve. Let's try to figure it out by following the instructions.

• Shut off the water supply to the toilet tank.
• Carefully unscrew the button, if your model has it located on the cover, and remove the cover of the device.
• Disconnect the liner and remove the drain column.
• Unscrew the tank fasteners and disconnect.
• We take out the damaged fittings and begin installing the new mechanism.

Tip: Don't forget the importance of sealants and gaskets. Sometimes, to eliminate the problem, it is enough to change the rubber gasket that has lost its elasticity.

Video: The cistern does not fill with water. An easy way to fix this problem

Which toilet flushes better?

The quality of toilet flushing is affected by:

• bowl shape;
• flushing system devices;
• type of exhaust system;
• location of the cistern.

Toilet bowls

The shape of the toilet bowl not only determines its appearance, but also affects the quality of the flush. Toilet bowls are:

Funnel-shaped toilet bowls. The drain hole in toilets with such a bowl is located almost in the center and, therefore, the flush will be good. Such toilets are considered the most hygienic, since sewage does not linger in the bowl. It does not require daily cleaning and is considered economical to use. The only, but very noticeable, disadvantage of such bowls is multiple splashes when flushed.

Visor bowls. The back wall of the bowl is convex and inclined. In such a toilet, sewage does not accumulate, but immediately goes into the drain hole. This makes the use of plumbing fixtures hygienic and virtually eliminates the problem of unpleasant odors in the bathroom. The absence of stagnant water avoids the formation of rust and stains. The design of a toilet with this bowl shape is recognized by experts as the most successful and is manufactured by all well-known global manufacturers.

Toilets with a plate bowl were widespread in the second half of the last century. The drain hole is shifted forward, and the shape of the bowl suggests the presence of a shelf. The only advantage we can highlight is the complete absence of splashes. Below are just the downsides:

• the need for regular frequent cleaning of the surface;
• unpleasant odors in the toilet;
• stagnation of water in the bowl and the formation of rust.

Currently, toilets with a bowl bowl are not relevant and are considered relics of the past.

Flush system

The supply of water and its further distribution in the bowl play a fundamental role for a good flush. The flushing system is of two types:

• cascade (direct flush);
• shower (circular flush).

Cascade flush is considered a classic in toilets. Water is supplied from the tank in one continuous stream along a straight path. The advantages include a powerful flow of water that can wash away all impurities.

Disadvantages of direct flush:

• uneven washing of the bowl;
• the need for additional cleaning of the front wall of the toilet;
• water consumption is not economical;
• rust formation near the water supply hole.

Shower flush is more modern. The principle of its operation is completely opposite to direct flushing. In the gutter under the rim of the toilet there are holes into which water is supplied from the tank. In the bowl, the water flows in a circle, forming a ring gutter.

• complete washing of the bowl;
• easier care of the bowl;
• silent flush;
• saving water used.

• clogged drain holes;
• high price.

Exhaust system

The toilet exhaust system determines how it is installed to the sewer system.

1. Vertical. A vertical outlet is appropriate when the sewer pipe is moved 50-60 cm away from the wall. This outlet is also widely used in private construction.
2. Horizontal. A horizontal exhaust system is used when the sewer inlet is located in a riser or is significantly elevated above the floor.
3. Oblique. The oblique outlet is located at an angle of 45º. The toilet is connected to a sewer pipe located at floor level.

Each exhaust system has no advantages or disadvantages and does not affect flushing. At the same time, this is a very important parameter when choosing a toilet.

Location of the cistern

The plumbing market offers both “compact” systems, when the toilet and cistern are one whole, and separate sets.

Wall-hung toilets with a tank mounted on the wall are becoming increasingly popular. The higher location of the tank creates powerful water pressure, thereby ensuring reliable and high-quality flushing. Choosing such a toilet model will be an excellent solution to the problem of lack of space in the bathroom.

A novelty in the domestic “toilet construction” was the appearance, under the guise of innovation, of so-called “rimless toilets”, which marketers declared to be more hygienic compared to conventional toilets with a rim. Their aggressive advertising by foreign manufacturers has led to attempts to create them in Russia as well. However, this should not be done, since rimless toilets have fundamental disadvantages, and the main idea of ​​their creation is far-fetched. The article outlines in relatively detail the disadvantages of rimless toilets and warnings for their manufacturers and buyers.

More recently, a new type of toilet has appeared - Rimless, that is, in Russian, “without a rim,” or in a more established form, “rimless.” The purpose of creating this version of the toilet, according to the developers, is to provide greater hygiene compared to established designs of toilets with a rim (rimmed toilets). It is assumed that in toilet bowls used everywhere, microorganisms multiply under the rim, and dirt also accumulates, which leads to the formation of smudges and rust. This is partly the case. However, a fairly large number of detergents and devices have now been developed for cleaning surfaces under the rim. Therefore, this problem is not the most important. In addition, the inner surfaces of the bowls of new rimless toilets also require periodic mechanical cleaning. So you still can’t do without a brush and detergents!

It is worth mentioning the humorous remark of one of the users: “I have used a toilet with a rim all my life and have never seen a single bacteria.” This is, apparently, after becoming familiar with the operation of a rimless toilet. Very emotional!

I would like to note one more episode related to caring for a rimless toilet. In one commercial, a woman wipes the top of a toilet bowl with her hand holding a cloth. An idyllic picture. How easy it is to keep a rimless toilet clean! In fact, this is a direct deception of the buyer. Note that she is wiping not a real, but a bench sample of a rimless toilet. On this occasion, women could at least put rubber gloves on their hands, as they should in real life. Indeed, in real toilets, even rimless ones, there are not very pleasant and even unsafe types of pollution. And these contaminants can occur quite often. There is no way to do this without a brush and appropriate detergents.

It is assumed that in toilet bowls used everywhere, microorganisms multiply under the rim, and dirt also accumulates, which leads to the formation of smudges and rust. This is partly the case

As already noted, the accumulation of bacteria and dirt under the rim is not a major problem. It is more important to transport the contents of the toilet bowl from the bowl to the sewer system with the European system of distributing this same sewer system over the floors of buildings. Therefore, aggressive advertising of rimless toilets is driven, rather, not by concern for saving consumers from microorganisms that accumulate under the rim of a modern toilet, but by attracting buyers to a new product, the production of which has been launched, but, as it has now become clear, structurally this is not a completely successful toilet.

With the American sewerage system under the roof of buildings, the problem of transporting the contents of a toilet bowl is solved simply and efficiently due to the siphoning effect thanks to a sewer pipe that drains water downwards. Everything is sucked out of the bowl of a siphoning toilet - even things that don’t sink, such as ping-pong balls. In toilets designed for the European sewerage system, the siphoning effect is practically absent, and what is called a siphon is actually an ordinary water seal. For this reason, most of these toilets are not capable of removing very light fractions of the contents of the toilet, for example, cigarette butts with a filter, in one flush. And it’s impossible to flush ping-pong balls from the toilet bowl down the drain with any number of flushes.

The insufficient quality of flushing of toilets designed for the European sewerage system is explained by the following. In those toilets that are well designed and manufactured, the flow of water from under the rim is formed in such a way that they satisfactorily wash the surface of the bowl and are directed relatively evenly into the receiving opening of the outlet pipe. Such a compact flow actively - like a piston - pushes water from the toilet bowl and its contents into the water seal.

The entire path from the rim to the inlet of the outlet pipe at the bottom of the bowl, the flows in a well-made toilet occur in an almost vertical direction. Therefore, the resulting flow provides a relatively good effect of pushing water towards the outlet pipe and then onto the drain.

However, if the toilet bowl is made of poor quality, which often manifests itself in the form of “leashes” of the thin walls of the toilet bowl during the drying and annealing process, the flow of water from under the different halves of the rim varies greatly in flow rate. The more powerful flow of one half of the rim is deflected to the side by the less powerful one. Therefore, the total flow deviates from the vertical direction and in front of the outlet receiving opening, taking on an almost horizontal direction of movement. As a result, the total flow twists and loses its vertical direction. This leads to the fact that this resulting flow is no longer an element that intensively pushes the contents of the toilet bowl into the sewer.

However, heavy fractions with a density of about 0.9 g/cm3 contained in the toilet bowl, relatively sluggishly, but still leave it in the direction of discharge. In this case, other physical laws are already used to move these masses, in particular, the rise of the water level in the toilet bowl due to its influx from under the toilet rim at the moment of flushing water from the flush tank. The rise in this level is approximately 50–70 mm. To ensure a sufficiently intense flow rate in the outlet, such a rise in the water level in the toilet bowl is completely insufficient. Therefore, the flushing is sluggish and of not entirely satisfactory quality. At least, self-cleaning of the internal surfaces of the outlet channel does not occur. Particles of feces and urine are deposited on these surfaces, in which microorganisms freely continue their lives. Moreover, they reproduce very actively, because ideal conditions are created for increasing their numbers. It is more difficult for them to get under the toilet rim, and the constant dryness of the cavities under the rim limits the proliferation of these microorganisms. So the legend about the need to combat microorganisms under the toilet rim is not very convincing, and, in the opinion of the author of this article, it makes no sense to abandon the rim. Moreover, new rimless toilets have a lot of new problems with which the manufacturers of these plumbing products, as well as buyers, have already become disproportionately “saturated”.

It should be noted that rim toilets are available in two types. The first type has already been mentioned above. These are funnel-shaped toilets with active pushing of the contents of the bowl into the outlet channel. An example would be some Scandinavian representatives of the toilet cohort. The second type of rim toilet has a bowl in the form of a pot extended forward with a receiving hole in the back or front of the bottom of this bowl. Next, the receiving hole goes into a vertical channel, which smoothly transforms into a water seal channel.

This type with a specially dedicated bowl is usually produced by domestic manufacturers, and also often by foreign ones, for example, (Keramin). The main disadvantage of such toilets is the unsatisfactory quality of flushing, due to the fact that the vertical flow from under the rim of the bowl in its lower part takes on a horizontal direction due to the shape of the bowl. As a result, there is no effect of forced pushing of the flow from the bowl into the outlet channel. The contents of the toilet are transported only by raising the water level in the bowl, and in the hydraulic lock pipe there is a sluggish movement of water towards the outlet. Therefore, fractions of the contents of the toilet bowl, the density of which is relatively low (about 0.6 g/cm3), during the flushing process are not drawn by the sluggish flow of water into the outlet pipe and, after completion of the flush, remain at the bottom of the receiving channel of the toilet bowl.

By the way, rimless toilets differ from rimless toilets of the second type only in the way water is supplied from the flush cistern to the toilet bowl. Usually in this case, special jets have a horizontal direction (there is no vertical flow of jets), and there can be no question of any forced pushing of the contents of the toilet bowl into the receiving channel.

Also, which is very important, rim toilets with a specially made bowl and rimless ones, as well as some unsuccessfully manufactured funnel-shaped toilets, cannot meet the requirements of paragraphs 10.3.1 and 10.3.2 of the Russian GOST 13449–2017 when checking for flush quality. This is confirmed by specially conducted experimental studies. Therefore, the newly appeared rimless toilets in terms of transporting the contents of the toilet bowl to the sewer network, that is, in terms of a very important parameter of flush quality, are a “dead-end branch of toilet construction.” However, domestic dealers, having seen enough of the advertising stunts of foreign manufacturers, are asking domestic manufacturers to urgently produce rimless toilets. And all this is due to aggressive foreign advertising, which distorts the real state of affairs among manufacturers of rimless toilets.

The advertising of their first manufacturers (if you turn on your mind when reading it) turns out to be really aggressive. It imposes on the buyer a product that he does not need, manipulating its “seemingly different” properties, distorting his values ​​and, in fact, deceiving the buyer. In a specific case, she states the following.

1. The absence of inaccessible places and channels under the rim ensures a high level of hygiene - microorganisms supposedly have nowhere to multiply.

There are the following objections here. After all, water leaks into the bowl of a rimless toilet from somewhere? Then why can’t microorganisms grow and multiply in these holes? In fact, the most dangerous place where microorganisms accumulate and multiply is in the toilet drainage channel. Under the rim of the toilet, from under which traces of rust appear and where particles from rusty water pipes accumulate, if there are microorganisms, they are basically the same as in tap water.

Why then dramatize the situation and, as a result, create a toilet design with limited flush quality?

2. There is no need for endless chemical treatments and manipulations with a brush.

It would be interesting to know here: whoever wrote this has ever seen a rimless toilet in a public toilet that was not cleaned for several days, but only wiped with a cloth? After all, the first creators of this type of plumbing equipment nevertheless began to supply customers with a set of chemicals to prevent water from getting onto the toilet floor during the process of flushing water from the tank. I am sure that toilet users themselves have guessed that they cannot do without chemical treatment and a brush!

3. The new rimless toilet flush system uses much less water than before.

Water savings are supposedly up to 30%. However, such savings can only be achieved if the new rimless toilet is built into the installation system, and the water consumption of the rimless toilet is compared with a rimless toilet built into a compact toilet system. Therefore, in fact, the figure of 30% is significantly overestimated (about two times). Saving water when flushing in an installation system will, of course, be greater due to the fact that in the latter the tank above the toilet is located much higher. Therefore, water enters the toilet bowl during the flushing process at a much higher speed than in a compact toilet, and less water is required for a relatively satisfactory flush.

In addition, saving water by 30% is not yet an achievement. Currently, toilet designs with savings of up to 60% are known. Rimless toilets will never provide such savings due to the design flaw already inherent in them.

4. The appearance of rimless toilets is nicer and neater than many of their classic counterparts.

This is a very controversial statement. To the author of this article, on the contrary, it seems that rimless toilets are aesthetically imperfect, as if there is something unfinished in them. What is especially frightening in some rimless toilets is the significant reduction in the width of the edge of the bowl on which the seat rests. Because of this, the edge of the bowl seems sharp and it’s even scary to sit on it.

5. Avoiding harsh household chemicals used for cleaning will have a significant positive impact on your loved ones and on the environment as a whole.

They've really put fear into the consumer's mind! Has the person who wrote this ever seen urinals in a public place? Without household chemicals it is impossible to keep them adequately clean. But men and women usually relieve themselves in the toilet, on the walls of which urea deposits settle. Without household chemicals, wiping the surface of the bowl only with a cloth, it is impossible to get rid of these deposits.

It would be interesting to know: has the person who wrote about the unnecessary chemical treatment of a rimless toilet ever seen a similar toilet in a public toilet that would not be cleaned for several days, but would only be wiped with a cloth? You can’t do without chemical treatment and a brush

And finally, the last, main note. The main task of the toilet is to flush well and not splash not only on the floor of the toilet, but also on the intimate parts of the user during emptying. Nothing is said about this in the advertisements for rimless toilets. This is because it is better to remain silent about these indicators of rimless toilets. True, somewhere there was a video in which a large number of crumpled sheets of toilet paper are thrown into the toilet bowl before flushing. And, of course, all this convincingly goes into the sewer when descending.

However, such a trick is akin to deception. When toilet paper gets wet, it becomes part of the water with the same density. And if the water goes into the drainage channel during descent, then the paper “flies away” along with it. I would like this procedure to be carried out in accordance with GOST 13449–2017, which recommends placing a ball with a diameter of 30 mm and a density of 0.6 g/cm3 before flushing into the toilet bowl. And, if, after flushing the water, it remains in the bowl or at the entrance to the outlet channel, then such a toilet will be “officially” declared unfit in accordance with the requirements of this GOST. In accordance with the same standard, it is necessary to check the quality of rinsing the surface of the bowl, as well as check for the existence of “anti-splash”. This is not even mentioned in the advertisement.

In addition, among the comments made by consumers of rimless toilets are the following. For example, if a man relieves himself while standing, then, as a rule, urine splashes onto the lower parts of his legs or trousers. Rimless toilets also have relatively small bowls. Therefore, men's genitals may sometimes come into contact with their bottom.

The shallow bowls of rimless toilets and the upper ribs of the bowls that are not protected by the sides lead to water splashing out when pouring it into the bowl from a bucket, directly onto the floor of the room.

Thus, advertising is purely emotional in nature. It is designed for a consumer who is not very familiar with the problems that accompany the operation of rimless toilets. Having purchased such a product, the consumer may be very disappointed in the process of its operation. Therefore, a buyer interested in purchasing a toilet should not be “led” by the arguments of advertising shills, but be very vigilant and think critically.

Since the advent of rimless toilets, intractable problems have constantly arisen. The first problem was water splashing out of the bowl onto the floor of the room. The fact is that in a rimless toilet the streams flow almost horizontally with maximum approach to the upper border of the bowl. As long as the surface of the bowl along which the horizontal jets slide is clean, the latter have the trajectory intended by the designers. But over time, along the upper boundaries of the jets on the walls of the bowl, a coating of mineral salts appears from the constantly drying water. This resulting deposit, due to the Coanda effect, distorts the trajectories of some of these jets, so a certain amount of water at the moment of descent begins to fall on the floor of the toilet.

To “silence” this unpleasant fact, manufacturers began to supply consumers with special reagents to periodically remove the resulting salt deposits. But what about the advertising claim about the refusal of household chemicals for cleaning rimless toilets?! By the way, recently the ribs of the upper edge of the bowls of rimless toilets began to be equipped with flanges inward, which to some extent improved the problem of splashes on the floor, but only partially.

Somewhat later, when rimless toilets began to be used in installation systems, the flushing water flows turned out to be even more powerful than in compact toilets, and the water at the time of flushing fell on the floor of the toilet, regardless of whether there was a salt deposit on the surface of the bowl or not. And this problem was solved simply: a hydraulic throttle, beautifully called a “flow reducer,” was inserted into the pipe connecting the flush cistern and the toilet bowl. The consumption was reduced, splashes outside the toilet bowl were reduced, but the quality of the flush was also worsened.

It should be noted that in rimless toilets, increased fluid pressure is required in order for the jets to reach the front of the toilet. There are many ways to do this.

One simple solution is to raise the flush tank above the toilet shelf. As already noted, this is automatically provided by the installation system. In it, the cistern is raised by almost 300 mm compared to the compact toilet design. The water pressure sometimes turns out to be somewhat high for a rimless toilet, from the point of view of liquid flowing out during flushing to the toilet floor, and this pressure is naturally dampened using a flow reducer.

When rimless toilets began to be used in installation systems, the flush water flows turned out to be even more powerful than in compact toilets, and the water at the time of flushing fell on the floor of the toilet, regardless of the presence of salt deposits on the surface of the bowl

In practice, the global trend to improve the quality of toilet flushing and good rinsing of the bowl is aimed at increasing the speed of the working jets, which is almost proportional to the pressure providing this speed. This cannot be done in rimless toilets for the reasons stated above. Therefore, it is unlikely that rimless toilets will replace rimless toilets. They have different potential capabilities.

There is an opinion that rimless toilets are gaining popularity in the plumbing products market, despite the fact that not all models are ideal and there are a number of shortcomings. There are even individuals who believe that rimless “hygienic” toilets will completely replace rimmed toilets. The author does not agree with this statement - as the above shows, rimless toilets have temporary popularity due to aggressive advertising. In fact, they are not only imperfect yet, but also have limitations for further development. The main trouble is that the “raw” idea came to us from abroad, and our dealers are already urgently asking domestic factories to produce these still unfinished and generally unpromising designs. This distracts Russian manufacturers from performing more important tasks, scattering their efforts to satisfy the artificially created demand for this product of inadequate quality.

World best practices have already proven that the quality of toilet flushing is satisfactory only when water is supplied to the bowl at an increased speed. From previous experience, we can recall toilet designs that confirm this truth. For example, toilets with high flush cisterns. True, they were a little noisy, but how efficiently they flushed the contents of the toilet bowl down the drain! And the sound of the flushing water was so good and musical that it was even used in a puppet show by Sergei Obraztsov, head of the Central Puppet Theater.

Modern toilets with increased supply pressure no longer use high-mounted flush cisterns. American specialists, for example, have already created and are widely using fundamentally new ejector-type toilets with direct water supply from the water supply network. This toilet forcibly sends everything that ends up in the bowl down the drain. You can see how such a toilet works in the corresponding Best of Video Flushing video on YouTube video hosting (Internet link: youtu.be/Kg7OT3rKeTc). This plumbing device, of course, has some disadvantages, for example, increased noise, but this can be forgiven for the highest quality of flushing.

It should also be noted that American specialists have created and are mass-producing toilets with a hydropneumatic accumulator without a diaphragm instead of a flush tank. Water enters the battery, filled with air under atmospheric pressure. As the accumulator is filled, the air is compressed, and the water in it is under relatively high pressure, determined by a pressure reducer installed at the water inlet to the accumulator. There have been problems with these toilets due to the fragility of the battery, which is made of plastic. In addition, on the lower floors of the building their descent is accompanied by increased noise. However, in the United States and its “satellites” they work properly and delight consumers with high flushing qualities.

Taking into account all the shortcomings of American toilets, St. Petersburg inventor V.S. Guryanov created a more advanced toilet: more durable and consuming about 2.5 liters of water per flush, slightly noisy, but very high quality and meeting all the requirements of the domestic GOST 13449–2017. There are no such toilets in the world yet. This toilet amazingly rinses the surface of the bowl and transports any contents of the bowl well - even the lightest fractions - into the sewer. The operating diagram of its layout was published in the magazine S.O.K. in the article “New toilet with excellent flushing performance” [1].

A prototype of a similar ejector device was also made in . It is not as noisy as previous toilets, but also meets all the requirements of the new GOST 13449–2017 and has excellent performance. His design and work were also published in S.O.K. in the article “Justification of the need and procedure for carrying out work to create water-saving ejector-type toilets with a side outlet” [2].

In addition, in collaboration with specialists from the Noginsk Porcelain Factory, she conducted preliminary tests and began manufacturing an industrial prototype of a classic type of wall-mounted toilet, designed for the European sewerage distribution system. His description and work were published in the journal S.O.K. in the article “Recommendations for eliminating the shortcomings of European toilets using the example of the “Noginsk” wall-mounted toilet” [3]. The performance indicators of this device comply with the requirements of GOST 13449–2017, and some even exceed those of rimless toilets. In addition, the “Noginsk” wall-mounted toilet compares favorably with rimless toilets in terms of cost.

At the same time, the introduction of domestic toilets into a series is still difficult, partly due to the fact that porcelain factories are fulfilling orders from dealers to create rimless toilets that are unsuccessful in terms of basic performance indicators. In fact, what and how to do it should be determined primarily by the manufacturer, not the dealers. Otherwise, it turns out that “the tail wags the dog.”

Thus, an attempt to make a rimless toilet and displace a toilet with a rim is a pipe dream of the creators of a toilet with “improved” hygiene. The main mistake of the developers of rimless toilets is that they did not take into account an important thing: the main unhygienic place in the toilet is not the rim, but the surface of the outlet channel. In addition, the developers did not take into account the peculiarities and complexities of the process of flushing water from the toilet bowl (with the European system of sewerage distribution above the floors of buildings) and, in pursuit of an unnecessary innovation, they deprived the rimless toilet of high-quality removal of contents from the bowl, including relatively light fractions.

The process of rinsing the bowl of a rimless toilet has become somewhat different compared to a rimless toilet, but it is not always possible to achieve good quality rinsing of the front part of the bowl of a rimless toilet.

When creating rimless toilets, it has not yet been possible to radically solve the “anti-splash” problem. In addition, the design of this type of device does not allow increasing the water pressure per flush, which also makes it unpromising in terms of improving the quality of flushing. For Russia, such a toilet is not suitable, and it makes no sense to spend effort and resources on bringing it to at least a decent condition. It does not have the engineering reserves that would allow it to radically improve its main indicators.

Footnotes: 1. Guryanov V.S. New toilet with excellent flushing qualities // S.O.K. Magazine, 2020. No. 3. pp. 36–41. 2. Chuprakov Yu.I. Justification of the need and procedure for carrying out work to create water-saving ejector-type toilets with a side outlet // S.O.K. Magazine, 2020. No. 8. pp. 30–34. 3. Chuprakov Yu.I. Recommendations for eliminating the shortcomings of European toilets using the example of the “Noginsk” wall-mounted toilet // S.O.K. Magazine, 2020. No. 9. pp. 34–41.

*Caution: rimless toilets // S.O.K. Magazine, March 2018 Author Yu.I. Chuprakov

Shape and material

For many buyers, the main criterion when buying a toilet is the quality of the material from which it is made. This is what guarantees the quality of the product and durability of use.

Models of this plumbing fixtures can be divided according to material into:

• Earthenware. These are usually small and fairly budget options. That is why they are very popular among buyers. The entire toilet bowl is covered with a thick layer of earthenware, which is specially fired, thereby increasing the strength and reducing the porosity of the material.
• Porcelain. These are very easy to install and durable models. With careful use, they will last for many years without causing any problems. The difference between these toilets is their modern exterior. Such models are the most hygienic when compared to earthenware toilets, as they are less porous and very easy to clean. The only drawback is their considerable cost.
• Steel. These are very durable, wear-resistant structures that will last for decades. They are very easy to keep clean. Many users of such models emphasize that this is the most comfortable option of all others. The good thing about them is that the design is very compact and fits perfectly into any toilet room.
• Toilets made of natural stone. This is the most expensive option of all types. Its surface is perfectly polished, which makes it very easy to care for the product. The downside is that they are usually bulky and subject to mechanical stress. This model is not practical.
• Toilet bowls made of artificial stone. These models are made from crushed natural stone and a composition of components that ensure the strength of the product. This is a very stylish and modern option. The toilet cover is quite hygienic and resistant to mechanical stress. Such an example will cost an order of magnitude cheaper than a model made of natural stone, and its design will also be more compact.
• Acrylic or plastic. These are very strong and durable models. The surface of the material is very smooth, which makes it easy to care for the product. This option is considered very hygienic. An important disadvantage of such products is their susceptibility to high temperatures and mechanical damage.

We figured out the material of the product. As for the shape and other parameters of the models, there are also several options. The bowl can be of several types:

• Disc-shaped. This bowl is a horizontal platform. This design is convenient because there is no splashing water in this toilet. However, this is the most unhygienic design of all, because everything that falls into the bowl remains on this platform. And besides this, there is always stagnant water in the toilet, which over time leads to salt deposits, as well as the appearance of rust. When choosing such plumbing fixtures, you need to think carefully about what is more important - comfort or hygiene.
• Funnel-shaped. Such a bowl contains a funnel right in the center of the bowl and everything that falls into it goes straight into this funnel filled with water. This is the most hygienic option and is also easy to install. But such models also have disadvantages. The most important thing is the presence of constant splashes of water.
• Kozyrkovaya. This is something common between disc-shaped and funnel-shaped modifications. This is the most convenient version of the bowl design, thanks to which there is no splashing and the toilet itself is very convenient and comfortable to use.